SCMP: Palm Oil, Trade, and Talks of Cooperation

Last Friday, Malaysian Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin met briefly with Indonesian President Joko Widodo to discuss several ongoing regional issues, one of which included a reaffirmation of the two governments’ intentions to combat against palm oil discrimination. This follows Malaysia’s recent move of filing an official complaint with the World Trade Organisation (WTO) against the EU for its anti-palm oil campaign.

SCMP reported the meeting between the Southeast Asian two leaders, and Segi Enam Advisors principal, Khor Yu Leng, was quoted. Here are her full comments:

“In Indonesia and Malaysia, palm oil remains a popular and even a hot topic in high politics. So we won’t be surprised if Muhyiddin and Jokowi touched on it when they met in Jakarta this week. Palm oil producing countries have formally set up a Council in Jakarta (CPOPC), but we’ve yet to see its muscle. We now have an ASEAN-EU ministerial level Joint Working Group on Palm Oil, whose first meeting was attended by Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam (Philippines and Myanmar are also rising producers of palm oil). Indonesia’s big palm oil production has shifted policy leadership to Jakarta, which influences the market with its biodiesel mandate.

“Talk of cooperation wafts through these lofty circles, but this floats above the reality of cut-throat competition for export between dominant producers, Indonesia and Malaysia. Malaysia eyes its monthly export market share by tweaking its export duty relative to Indonesia’s. Earlier, the duo were inking bilateral FTAs with big importers so that relative tariff advantages would flip annual majority market shares from one to the other. Malaysia’s recent problems with US Customs and Border Patrol is seen as a boon to Indonesia exports.

“Moreover, Indonesia is quite ahead of Malaysia in trade negotiation with the EU. Vietnam’s recently inked EU trade deal is now in force and it has acceded to stopping forced labour, and we should expect Indonesia to do similar. Neither have the big immigrant labour force conundrums faced by Malaysia. Even with CPTPP in the bag, Malaysia’s trade (and labour) policy needs to find better footing as its ASEAN powerhouse neighbours eye more big trade and FDI deals.”

SCMP: Improved Public Relations a Must in Malaysia's Defence of Palm Oil

Malaysia’s defence of palm oil against the EU continues, with the former’s more recent move being filing an official complaint with the World Trade Organisation (WTO) on grounds that the EU anti-palm oil campaign is in violation of WTO rules. SCMP, however, reports that experts believe Malaysia needs to improve its public relations in order to succeed in its complaint and its defence of palm oil in general. One of the interviewed experts is Segi Enam principal, Khor Yu Leng, who was quoted as below:

Khor Yu Leng, a political economist at Segi Enam Advisors, said the EU’s issues with the use of palm oil – including allegations of labour abuse within the industry, concerns over deforestation and other systemic risks – have threatened its future as a sustainable product.

“These issues need to be addressed with convincing evidence that this is of low incidence and there is an improvement plan,” she said.

“On the supply side, there has been a chronic shortage of labour in Malaysia over the years that has meant less than optimal operations and production,” she said, adding that the problems point to questions over “how the Malaysian authorities can address systemic labour market problems.”

“Flat denials from the authorities regarding deforestation or other oversights and no data transparency is a contrast to how commodity producers are nowadays aiming to charm their customers – the countries we export to,” she said.

“The other thing is to consider whether it serves palm oil‘s interest to be in the limelight too much. Being criticised on social media for poor human rights records is just not a good place to be,” she said, referring to the avalanche of bad publicity Malaysia received when the US slapped bans on the country’s top palm oil plantations.

SCMP: The Wrangling in Raub Struck a Stark Contrast to the Thai Durian Export Juggernaut

A legal battle is underway between Raub durian farmers and a state-backed conglomerate. The dispute involved allegations that the farmers were encroaching and converting state government land into illegal durian plantations, as well as accusations that the Royal Pahang Durian Resources (RPDR) was exploiting the small-scale farmers by demanding unreasonable yield targets in a deal to legalise them.

The conundrum now involves an enquiry by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC), who are questioning the farmers over the aforementioned land encroachment.

A recent SCMP article by Tashny Sukumaran covered the story in more detail, in which our principal Khor Yu Leng was quoted.

The wrangling in Raub struck a stark contrast to the Thai durian export juggernaut, said economist Khor Yu Leng, noting that Thailand had recorded almost US$1 billion in sales to China from March to June.

“Trade is just getting its footing and it would be unwise for people to try and muscle in,” she said.

While Malaysia has pinned great hopes on its new channel of frozen durian exports, the word from some eyeing volume to China is for volume to be flattish against 2019. Last year, China approved Malaysian imports, although this appeared to be delayed; durian insiders said there were some wrangling on the Malaysia-side over who would be allowed to export under the then-Pakatan Harapan administration.

This came as surprise as Malaysia is coming up from almost zero-base; tackling the China market seemed to offer enough room for all enterprising exporters. More recently, wrangles have appeared in the Raub area, which also supplies the famed Musang king (mao shan wang/MSW) durian. The previously described legal saga has unlicensed farmers fearing lopsided terms with a joint venture durian concessionaire-cum-marketing wannabe. In the meantime, the Thai durian export juggernaut has powered ahead with almost USD1 billion in sales to China in March-June, a record sales volume with unit prices doubling in the last two years.

SCMP: The India-Malaysia Palm Tiff and the Return to Agriculture

It’s been a bit of a busy month for Khor Reports. One of the several things lined up include contributing comments to the South China Morning Post (SCMP) on a couple of issues that cropped up recently.

The first concerned the trade tensions between Malaysia and India, which significantly impacted palm oil trade between the two countries:

“Last year, Indians and Malaysians waged rival boycott campaigns on social media and although it is unclear how much traction these movements garnered, Khor, the economist, said it was unusual to see such discussions about the palm oil online “as it doesn't involve end consumers”. “But having tens of thousands of mentions of Malaysian palm oil online is a clear sign of issues, meaning that after that episode the level of mentions was 80 per cent higher than previously which gives us some insight into domestic angst,” Khor said.

The second was about policy suggestions for Malaysia to return to agriculture, following a RM50 billion (USD12.3 billion) food import bill in 2019.

“The good agricultural practices of Malaysian farmers should be well established, and be held in high regard, to establish a loyal domestic market,” Khor said. “Pro-farmer and food-security efforts may be needed. Imports can flood the market in an unpredictable way and that has to be considered.”

Click on the links above to read the full SCMP articles.